Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo mu kirere bwo mu nzu n'ingaruka zabwo ku buzima bw'abantu?

Ugereranije, Abanyamerika bamara hafi 90 ku ijana by'igihe cyabo mu ngo
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2. Abantu bakunze kwibasirwa ningaruka mbi ziterwa n’umwanda (urugero, abato cyane, abasaza, abafite indwara zifata umutima cyangwa iz'ubuhumekero) bakunda kumara umwanya munini mu ngo.
3. Ubwinshi bw’imyanda ihumanya bwiyongereye mu myaka ya vuba aha kubera kubaka inyubako zikoresha ingufu (mugihe habuze umwuka uhagije wo gukanika kugirango habeho guhanahana ikirere gihagije) Imiti yica udukoko, hamwe n’isuku mu ngo.

Abanduye n'amasoko
Umwanda usanzwe urimo:
• Gutwika ibicuruzwa nka monoxyde de carbone, ibintu byangiza hamwe numwotsi w itabi.
• Ibintu bikomoka kuri kamere, nka radon, dander dander, na mold.
• Ibinyabuzima nkibibumbano.
• Imiti yica udukoko, isasu na asibesitosi.
• Ozone (ivuye mu kirere runaka).
• VOC zitandukanye ziva mubicuruzwa nibikoresho bitandukanye.

Imyanda myinshi ihumanya ikirere cyimbere ituruka imbere mu nyubako, ariko zimwe nazo ziva hanze.
• Inkomoko yo mu nzu (inkomoko mu nyubako ubwayo). Inkomoko y’umuriro ahantu h'imbere, harimo itabi, ibiti n’amakara ashyushya ibikoresho byo guteka, hamwe n’umuriro, birekura ibicuruzwa byangiza nka karubone monoxide hamwe nuduce duto duto mu bidukikije. Isuku y'ibikoresho, amarangi, imiti yica udukoko, nibindi bicuruzwa bikunze gukoreshwa byinjiza imiti myinshi itandukanye, harimo n’ibinyabuzima bihindagurika, bihumeka mu kirere. Ibikoresho byubwubatsi nabyo bishobora kuba isoko, haba mubikoresho byangiritse (urugero, fibre ya asibesitosi isohoka mubwubatsi) cyangwa mubikoresho bishya (urugero, imiti ikomoka kubiti biva mu biti). Ibindi bintu byo mu kirere byo mu nzu bifite inkomoko karemano, nka radon, ifu, hamwe n’inyamanswa.

• Inkomoko yo hanze: Umwanda uhumanya ikirere ushobora kwinjira mu nyubako ukoresheje imiryango ifunguye, amadirishya, sisitemu yo guhumeka, hamwe n’imiterere yubatswe. Imyanda ihumanya yinjira mu nzu binyuze mu mfatiro zubaka. Radon, kurugero, ikora munsi yubutaka mugihe bisanzwe biboneka uraniyumu mubutare no kubora. Radon irashobora noneho kwinjira mu nyubako ikoresheje ibice cyangwa icyuho mumiterere. Umwotsi wangiza uturuka kuri chimney urashobora kongera kwinjira munzu, uhumanya ikirere mumazu no mubaturage. Mu bice amazi yubutaka cyangwa ubutaka byanduye, imiti ihindagurika irashobora kwinjira mumazu binyuze munzira imwe. Imiti ihindagurika muri sisitemu yamazi irashobora kandi kwinjira mumyuka yo murugo mugihe abayubaka bakoresha amazi (urugero kwiyuhagira, guteka). Hanyuma, iyo abantu binjiye mu nyubako, barashobora kuzana batabishaka umwanda n'umukungugu biva hanze ku nkweto zabo n'imyambaro yabo, hamwe n'imyanda ihumanya kuri ibyo bice.

Ibindi bintu bigira ingaruka kumiterere yikirere cyimbere
Byongeye kandi, ibindi bintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere yikirere cyo murugo, harimo igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’ikirere, ikirere cyo hanze, ibihe by’ikirere, n’imyitwarire yabatuye. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha hamwe n’inyuma ni ikintu cyingenzi mu kumenya ubwinshi bw’imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Igipimo cyo guhanahana ikirere giterwa nigishushanyo mbonera, ubwubatsi nibikorwa byinyubako kandi amaherezo ni umurimo wo gucengera (umwuka winjira mumiterere unyuze mu gufungura, guhuza hamwe no gucikamo inkuta, hasi no hejuru no hejuru yinzugi n'amadirishya), guhumeka bisanzwe (umwuka utemba unyuze mumadirishya n'inzugi) hamwe no guhumeka imashini (umwuka uhatirwa mucyumba cyangwa hanze yicyumba nigikoresho cyo guhumeka nka fana cyangwa sisitemu yo gufata ikirere).

Ikirere cyo hanze nikirere kimwe nimyitwarire yabayirimo nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere yikirere. Imiterere yikirere irashobora kugira ingaruka niba abayubaka bafungura cyangwa bafunga amadirishya kandi niba bakoresha ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, ibyuka cyangwa ubushyuhe, ibyo byose bigira ingaruka kumiterere yikirere. Ibihe bimwe na bimwe by’ikirere bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kuba mu nzu no gukura neza nta guhumeka neza cyangwa kugenzura ikirere.

Ingaruka ku buzima bwabantu
Ingaruka ku buzima zijyanye n’imyuka ihumanya ikirere harimo:
• Kurakaza amaso, izuru n'umuhogo.
• Kubabara umutwe, kuzunguruka no kunanirwa.
• Indwara z'ubuhumekero, indwara z'umutima na kanseri.

Isano iri hagati yimyuka ihumanya ikirere (urugero: radon, umwanda uhumanya, monoxyde de carbone, Legionella) ningaruka zubuzima.
• Radon ni kanseri izwi ya muntu kandi ni yo mpamvu ya kabiri itera kanseri y'ibihaha.

Umwuka wa karubone ni uburozi, kandi guhura nigihe gito kurwego rwo hejuru rwa monoxyde de carbone mubidukikije murugo birashobora kwica.

Indwara ya Legionnaires, ubwoko bwumusonga buterwa no guhura na bagiteri ya Legionella, ifitanye isano ninyubako zifite uburyo bwo guhumeka neza cyangwa gushyushya ibintu.

Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byo mu ngo - mite ivumbi, ifu, dander dander, umwotsi w itabi ryibidukikije, allergens ya cockroach, ibintu byangiza, nibindi - ni "imbarutso ya asima," bivuze ko asima zimwe na zimwe zishobora kwibasirwa na asima nyuma yo guhura.
Nubwo ingaruka mbi ku buzima zatewe n’umwanda uhumanya, ubumenyi bwa siyansi ku bibazo bimwe na bimwe by’ikirere bwo mu ngo buracyahinduka.

Akarorero kamwe ni "syndrome yuburwayi irwaye," ibaho mugihe abafite inyubako bahura nibimenyetso nkibyo nyuma yo kwinjira munzu runaka, bigabanuka cyangwa bikabura nyuma yo kuva mumazu. Ibi bimenyetso bigenda byitirirwa inyubako zitandukanye zo mu kirere.

Abashakashatsi kandi bagiye biga ku isano iri hagati y’ikirere cy’imbere n’ibibazo by’ingenzi bisanzwe bifatwa nkaho bidafitanye isano n’ubuzima, nk’imikorere y'abanyeshuri mu ishuri ndetse n'umusaruro mu myuga.

Ikindi gice gitera imbere mubushakashatsi nigishushanyo, kubaka, gukora no gufata neza "inyubako zicyatsi" kugirango ingufu zikorwe neza kandi zinoze mu kirere.

Ironderero
Nubwo byinshi bizwi mubibazo byinshi byubwiza bwikirere bwo murugo hamwe ningaruka ziterwa nubuzima, gusa ibipimo bibiri byigihugu byerekana ubuziranenge bwikirere bwo murugo bishingiye kumibare ndende kandi yujuje ubuziranenge birahari: radon na serumu cotinine (igipimo cyerekana umwotsi w itabi. Ironderero.)

Kubwimpamvu zitandukanye, ibipimo bya ROE ntibishobora gutezwa imbere kubindi bibazo byubuziranenge bwimbere mu nzu. Kurugero, ntamurongo uhari wo kugenzura mugihugu cyose usanzwe upima ubuziranenge bwikirere mubyitegererezo byemewe byamazu, amashuri, ninyubako. Ibi ntibisobanura ko ntakintu kizwi mubibazo byinshi byubwiza bwimbere mu ngo hamwe ningaruka zubuzima. Ahubwo, amakuru namakuru kuri ibyo bibazo arashobora kubikura mubitabo bya leta nubuvanganzo bwa siyansi. Aya makuru ntagaragazwa nkibipimo bya ROE kuko ntabwo ahagarariye igihugu cyangwa ntagaragaza ibibazo mugihe kirekire gihagije.